Maritime Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms

Common Market Organization

Completed

Centimeters per second

Convention on the Contract for International Carriage of Goods by Road

Continuous Survey of Machinery

Compressed Natural Gas

A tanker for the bulk carriage of Compressed Natural Gas. Cargo remains in gaseous state but is highly compressed

Charterers not reported; Charter not reported

Cargo oil; Case oil; Country of origin

substances made in one processing unit at the same time. A lot of refining hardware, especially crackers, cannot help making an assortment of hydrocarbons. The industry uses "co product" when it does not want to designate one material a plant's

Carbon Dioxide. A colorless, non-poisonous gas that is a normal part of the ambient air. Carbon dioxide is formed in combustion of fossil fuel and carbon-containing materials, in fermentation, and in respiration of animals and employed by plants in the photosynthesis of carbohydrates.

A tanker for the bulk carriage of liquefied carbon dioxide

Contract of Affreightment: A cargo transportation arrangement whereby the owner agrees to transportation of a specified quantity of cargo over a set period of time in a vessel or series of vessels for the Charterer. It consists of the base terms of agre

Contract of affreightment. An arrangement between a ship owner and a charterer for the carriage of a certain amount of specified grade or grades of cargo on named routes over a period of time. Owners may use any suitable ships at their disposable to meet the contract's requirements.

Contract of Affreightment Charter Party

A black or brownish black solid, combustible carbon-rich substance formed by the partial decomposition of vegetable matter without access to air. Coal is one of the most important of the primary fossil fuels. It is indispensable to life and constitutes humankind's main source of energy.

Coal tar is a principal liquid product resulting from the carbonization of coal, i.e. the heating of coal in the absence of air at temperatures ranging from about 900º to 1,200ºC (1,650º to 2,200ºF). Many commercially important compounds are derived from coal tar, such as dyestuffs and pigments.

A tanker for the bulk carriage of a cargo of coal and oil mixed as a liquid and maintained at high temperatures

The Coast Guard-AWO Safety Partnership, the first formal industry-Coast Guard partnership of its kind, has launched more than 25 quality action teams that address the most pressing industry safety issues. The Partnership is responsible for improving safety and training throughout the tug and barge industry's operations.

Smallest tankers and are generally used in coastal waters requiring a shallow draft. (3,001 dwt - 10,000 dwt approx )

Beach, mudflat, wharf, boardwalk or any other feature of the coastline considered of public value

an area designated as such by the Administration and where this is not so designated it means an area not more than 20 miles from a safe refuge.

Water transportation along the coast.

Cargo On Board or Close of Business

Closing Of Business LoDoN

Certificate of Compliance means a certificate issued by the Coast Guard to a foreign flag vessel after it is examined and found to comply with regulations in this chapter.

The seed fat of ""Theobroma Cacao"", a small tree growing in tropical climates. Normally the cocoa beans are fermented and roasted to develop the desirable cocoa flavour. The beans are then milled to produce cocoa mass. Pressing of the cocoa mass gives cocoa butter. A lower quality of cocoa butter can be obtained by solvent extraction of the solid residues of the press.

Fats which behave like cocoa butter in all respects and are able to mix with cocoa butter in any proportion without altering the melting, rheological and processing characteristics of cocoa butter in all types of formulation. These fats have the physico-chemical characteristics of cocoa butter. There is no 100% equivalent available in the market.

Fats which have a very limited compatibility with cocoa butter as mixing with cocoa butter adversely affects the rheological, melting and processing characteristics of the product. These fats on their own and also with a limited amount of cocoa butter have melting and rheological properties similar to cocoa butter. The degree of compatibility of these fats with cocoa butter and their melting characteristics determine their quality and hence their price. A good quality CBS is hard at ambient temperature, has the sharp melting characteristics of cocoa butter and has some degree of compatibility with cocoa butter and/or cocoa butter-milk fat blends. CBS are mainly used to make imitation products where the fat phase mainly consists of these fats. They are generally based on palm kernel oil or hydrogenated non-lauric fat products. CBS are also sometimes called Cocoa Butter Alternatives (CBA).

Coconut oil is the oil obtained from copra - dried coconut meat. An edible oil, coconut oil is distinguished from other edible oils by its high content of short chain saturated acids (predominantly lauric) and its low unsaturated acid content. Susceptible to hydrolysis, coconut oil rapidly develops a characteristic odour and flavour, often described as soapy.

Cash on delivery : Financial transaction wherein the payment for goods/services is done at the time of delivery/execution rather than in advance.

A Commission operating under the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations/World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO) auspices, which has the task of preparing model standards and codes of practice for edible products and for food processes. It operates through a series of Commodity Committees, which have a wide international membership. Nations which have formally acceded to the Commission undertake to adopt Codex standards in their national legislature. The elaboration of each standard is carried out in a series of eleven formal steps involving approval by member governments.

Certificate of Entry

Certificate of Fitness

Container On Flat Car

Void space in a vessel to separate cargo tanks from each other or from the engine room

Certificate of Financial Responsibility (OPA 90)

Certificate of Financial Responsibility (OPA 90) for California

Cost of Goods Sold : Aka Direct Costs, the sum of all expenditures for materials and labour to produce a product or provide a service.

Carriage of Goods by Sea Act

Cuba, Orinoco River and Haiti

Tankers fitted with tubes which carry hot water or steam through viscous cargoes, such as heavy fuel oil and certain crudes, to keep them fluid.

solid, almost hydrogen-free carbon made on purpose in fuel oil destruction units called cokers or inescapably in other processing hardware. Coke forms on the catalyst in cat crackers and in the furnaces of ethylene plants. The coke manufactured intentionally may go to the graphite industry if it meets certain quality requirements. Otherwise it sells as solid fuel. The incidental accretions require removal to keep process units efficient.

A thermal processing unit which cracks heavy refinery streams, such as vacuum still bottoms, into light products while reducing much of that feedstock to solid carbon. The liquids yielded by these units, often called coker naphtha and coker gasoil, usually pass through upgrading equipment on the way to finished fuels production.

A thermal cracking process to break up large molecules into smaller ones with the generation of quantities of petroleum coke.

see blender. European producers of motor gasoline who have no distillation or other refining equipment go by this name. They make their product by mixing purchased "cold" components. This term has the advantage over the simple "blender" used in the USA of emphatically distinguishing a certain group of low-capital motor fuel makers from the refinery-based gasoline producers who also, of course, blend streams to obtain their finished products.

A measure of diesel fuel's suitability for use in cold weather. Usually called by its initials, CFPP, this specification reports the temperature where clotted wax stops fuel from passing through a test filter. CFFP goes beyond cloud point, which indicates where the cause of problems appears. It tells the fuel temperature where real trouble, like a stalled truck, happens.

Area where the command post and support functions that are necessary to control the incident are located. This is also referred to as the clean zone or support zone in other documents. (NFPA 472)

Comité de Liaison des Associations Européennes de l'Industrie de la Parfumerie, des Produits Cosmétiques et de Toilette (European Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association)

A bank that acts as an agent to the seller’s bank (the presenting bank). The collecting bank assumes no responsibility for either the documents or the merchandise.

A draft drawn on the buyer, usually accompanied by documents, with complete instructions concerning processing for payment or acceptance.

when two moving vessels strike each other

Light petroleum product which conforms to one of the specifications of Colonial Pipeline Company.

The on-land pipeline system connecting US Gulf Coast refineries to Southeast and Atlantic Coast markets. The main artery runs from Deer Park, Texas, to Linden, NJ. It has the effective capability to carry roughly 2.1 million barrels per day of clean products, including gasolines, home heating oils, diesel fuels and kerosenes. The system serves more than 280 petroleum-marketing terminals in thirteen states. Specifications required to move motor gasoline and No. 2 oil through the Colonial pipeline have become the quality standard for cargoes of these products imported on the US East Coast. Transporting a gallon of gasoline from Houston, Texas, to the New York harbor area via the Colonial pipeline costs about 2.3 cents. Moving product through roughly 1,550 miles of pipeline typically takes three to four weeks.

A spectrum which extends from absolutely colorless (usually described as water white) to dirty (black and opaque). This property only pertains usefully to light refined products and gas liquids. It makes a handy indicator of contamination or poor distillation for very pale substances such as naphtha and undyed motor gasoline. The industry uses several scales to report color including Saybolt and ASTM.

Most oil products are preferred as colourless as possible. In the oils and fats trade, the colour of oils is usually measured by the Lovibond Comparator. Alternatively, a spectrophotometer may be used to record the variation of light absorbence over the visible wavelength region of the spectrum.

International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 as amended (IMO)

This is a laboratory technique by which two or more substances in a mixture are separated due to their differential affinities for a solid adsorbent. The adsorbent is filled into a column and a solution of the mixture is washed down the column with solvent. Individual components are washed out in sequence according to their molecular size and the type and number of polar functional groups in them. Column chromatography is often used to separate triglycerides on a quantitative basis from the other components in oils and fats. The adsorbent most commonly used is silicic acid (silica gel).

Vessels fitted to transport more than one type of cargo. The petroleum industry uses a good-sized fleet of OBO's, ships which transport dry cargo or oil.

Ships designed to carry either a liquid cargo or a dry cargo on different voyages. This concept was developed to shorten ballast voyages.

Ore Oil (O/O) carriers have twin longitudinal bulkheads (similar to a conventional tanker) but have been additionally equipped with large deck hatches and strengthened double bottoms in way of the centre cargo tanks. This arrangement allows dry bulk carg

Oil Bulk Ore (OBO) carriers have a large central hold similar to a conventional dry bulk carrier but are also equipped to operate as an oil tanker. The large cargo "hold" (as opposed to a cargo "tank") means that lighter cargo such as grain etc. can be c

A firm that acts as an export sales agent for more than one non–competing manufacturer.

Ships with a capacity for 13 or more passengers and any form of cargo or freight.

A rate made up of two or more factors, separately published.

Designed to transport both liquid and dry bulk cargoes. If both are carried simultaneously, they are segregated in separate holds and tanks. Combined carriers require special design and are expensive. They were prevalent in the 1970s, but their numbers have dwindled since 1990.

Combination Carrier

Liquids which have a flash point greater than 60.5°C (141°F) and below 93°C (200°F). U.S. regulations permit a flammable liquid flashing between 38°C (100°F) and 60.5°C (141°F) to be reclassed as a combustible liquid.

A naval vessel used as a command centre for military operations

Represents a complete record of the transaction between exporter and importer with regard to the goods sold. Also reports the content of the shipment and serves as the basis for all other documents relating to the shipment.

Service where a hired agent operates a ship and receives a fee in return.

Any ship which is used primarily in commerce: (1) For transporting persons or goods to or from any harbor(s) or port(s) or between places within a harbor area; (1) For transporting persons or goods to or from any harbor(s) or port(s) or between places within a harbor area; (2) In connection with the construction, change in construction, servicing, mainte- nance, repair, loading, unloading, movement, piloting, or salvaging of any other ship or vessel.

Article shipped. For dangerous and hazardous cargo, the correct commodity identification is critical.

A rate published to apply to a specific article or articles.

A transportation company which provides service to the general public at published rates.

Law that derives its force and authority from precedent, custom and usage rather than from statutes, particularly with reference to the laws of England and the United States.

Completing

Is the person designated by the company for ensuring that a ship security assessment is carried out and that a ship security plan is developed, submitted for approval and thereafter implemented and maintained for liaison with port facility security officers and the ship security officer.

The suitable of two or more residues for blending. Some stocks--certain visbroken resides and hydrotreated bottoms, for instance--do not combine well enough to yield stable fuel oils.

A triglyceride where one or two fatty acid structures differ from the third fatty acid.

One part of a blend. The word most commonly names streams combined to make motor gasoline. In that usage, it serves as short version of "mogas component". Though not used casually, "gasoil component," “heavy fuel oil component" and similar designations make perfect sense.

A compound (or molecule) is a combination of two or more chemical elements (atoms) held together by chemical bonds.

Any ship which is required to be equipped with radiotelecommunication equipment in order to comply with the radio or radio-navigation provisions of a treaty or statute to which the vessel is subject.

Commissions

Sub-Committee on Radiocommunications and Search and Rescue

The Oil Companies' European Organization for Environment, Health and Safety

Damage that is not evident from viewing the unopened package.

Concentrates

Natural gas liquids heavier than butane. The term condensates commonly covers two quite different kinds of streams: natural gasolines and heavy condensates. Natural gasolines come from LPG or LNG plants. They have properties similar to naphthas. Heavy condensates resemble very light crude oils. Sometimes called field condensates, they come from gasoil separation plants which process the raw stream from a gas field. Since they come as a by-product of gas production, much as associated gas comes as a by-product of crude production, associated crude suits them as a description.

Confidential

Fats used for the manufacture of sugar and/or chocolate based confectionery products. These fats generally have sharp melting behaviour, having a very low solid fat content at body temperature. The physico-chemical properties of these fats and hence, their formulation, depend on the particular application and processing involved.

An association of ship owners operating in the same trade route who operate under collective condi- tions and agree on tariff rates.

A letter of credit, issued by a foreign bank, whose validity has been confirmed by a domestic bank. An exporter with a confirmed letter of credit is assured of payment even if the foreign buyer or the foreign bank defaults

The bank that adds its confirmation to another bank’s (the issuing bank’s) letter of credit and promises to pay the beneficiary upon presentation of documents specified in the letter of credit.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibiting pairs of unsaturated carbons not separated by at least one saturated carbon.

Inflammation of the conjuctiva and eyelids

A carrier which has a direct physical connection with, or forms a link between two or more carriers.

A connecting carrier agreement is a contract between the originating carrier and a second party, where the second party agrees to carry goods to a final destination on a through Billof Lading.

A measurement of hydrocarbon mixtures tendency to leave carbon deposits (coke) when burned as fuel or subjected to intense heat in a processing unit such as a catalytic cracker. The ConCarbon test involves destructive distillation -subjection to high temperature which causes cracking, coking, and drives off any volatile hydrocarbons produced--and weighing the residue which remains. A somewhat similar test, Ramsbottom carbon, also measures mixtures tendency to form coke. For reasons of laboratory convenience, analysts ordinarily restrict the Ramsbottom method to hydrocarbons which flow 90 C. To obtain a useful indication of carbon residue formation by light distillates, such as high-speed diesel, the industry often measures coke formation by the last 10 percent of the material to boil. This technique goes by names such as "ConCarbon residue on 10 percent bottoms."

Consumption