Maritime Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms

A written contract between the owner of a vessel and the person desiring to employ the vessel (char- terer); sets forth the terms of the arrangement, such as duration of agreement, freight rate and ports involved in the trip.

A charter where the owner provides his ship to the Charterer who then provides his own officers and crew and operates the vessel as if it were a unit of his own fleet. Hire is usually paid on a daily rate, monthly in advance, and the owner retains rights

The chartering of a vessel for a fixed period of time with the vessel delivering and re-delivering at agreed dates and at agreed zones or places though usually with an option to the Charterer to extend the period of charter. It is really a contract for t

A contract where the vessel has specific beginning and end ports but where the route and time taken may vary.

A person or firm who enters into a contract with a shipowner for the transportation of cargo or passengers for a stipulated period of time, i.e. a shipowner's customer

Commercial leasing of a vessel or space on a vessel.

A frame with wheels and container locking devices in order to secure the container for movement.

Cholinesterase inhibitor. A substance which produces inhibition of the cholinesterase group of enzymes, that play a vital role in nerve impulse transmission and other biological functions. Also known as anticholinesterase.

Chemical

see PARCEL TANKER

A chemical intermediate is any substance generated by one step in a synthetic process and used for the succeeding step.

When organic materials are not easily degraded by microorganisms, strong oxidizing agents (e.g., potassium permanganate) are used to enhance oxidation. COD is thus measured instead of BOD (see BOD). COD values will be larger than BOD values.

A chemical process in which substances are changed into different substances. Chemical reactions are manifested by the disappearance of properties characteristic of the starting materials and the appearance of new properties that distinguish the products. Examples of chemical reactions include burning of wood, fermentation of crops to make alcohol, tarnishing of silver, digestion of food and the synthesis of polystyrene plastics.

Refers particularly to the removal of free fatty acids by alkali. The alkali used is usually sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) or sodium carbonate (soda ash), either singly or in combination. One novel chemical refining technique uses aqueous ammonia as the alkali.

A non propelled tank barge for the carriage of chemicals

A tanker built to comply with either the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code) or the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code)

An self propelled tanker barge for the bulk carriage of chemical cargoes, lube oils, vegetable/animal oils and other chemicals as defined in the International Bulk Chemical Code

A tanker for the bulk carriage of chemical cargoes, lube oils, vegetable/animal oils and other chemicals as defined in the International Bulk Chemical Code which is not suitable for trading in open waters. Tanks are coated with suitable materials which ar

A non propelled tank barge for the carriage of chemicals or oil products

A chemical tanker additionally capable of the carriage of clean petroleum products

An self propelled chemical tanker barge additionally capable of the carriage of clean petroleum products

A tanker for the bulk carriage of chemical cargoes, lube oils, vegetable/animal oils and other chemicals as defined in the International Bulk Chemical Code or Petroleum Products which is not suitable for trading in open waters.

China Sea, Indian and Pacific Oceans

Chlorine-containing compounds. The oil trade pays most attention to these substances when discussing naphtha. Reformers need a specific amount of chloride on their catalyst to perform properly, any more or any less amounts to poison. Naphtha feedstock containing any significant amount of chlorides upsets the delicate balance and reduces reformat yield.

Chlorine, an inorganic chemical that can be obtained both naturally and synthetically, has a huge variety of uses, as a disinfectant and purifier, in plastics and polymers, solvents, agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, as well as an intermediate in manufacturing other organic and inorganic substances. Chlorine is also used worldwide to purify water supplies as the ultimate defense against waterborne microbiological infection.

A colorless, liquid organic compound used as a solvent and starting material for the manufacture of other organic compounds, such as phenol.

See Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)

A natural, green colouring agent vital to a plant's photosynthesis process which is removed from vegetable oils through bleaching and refining processes.

China

A piece of wood or other material placed at the side of cargo to prevent rolling or moving sideways.

Meaning something is filled to capacity or over loaded. If two blocks of rigging tackle were so hard together they couldn't be tightened further, it was said they were "Chock-a-Block".

Cholesterol is one of a class of compounds known as sterols. It is an important component in animal tissues and cell membranes but found only in trace amounts in plant tissues. While many vegetable oils are known to contain traces of cholesterol, the amount is much less than in animal fats. Vegetable oils mainly contain other members of the sterol class.

Charterers Option (As opposed to owner's option)

Chromatography is a separation process used to analyse mixtures. The mixture, dissolved in a mobile phase, is contacted with a stationary phase, usually a fine powder. The components of the mixture are adsorbed or retained by the stationary phase to varying extents, depending on the degree of chemical affinity between them. Continual washing of the stationary phase with the original solvent or with a sequence of solvents, washes out the components of the mixture in turn. Various types of chromatography are used. Liquid chromatography involves passing a solution of the mixture through a column of solid adsorbent, or of an inert solid coated with a second immiscible liquid. Gas-liquid chromatography uses a gas as the mobile solvent and is usually carried out at a high temperature so that the components of the mixture are also gaseous. Thin layer chromatography is a form of liquid chromatography in which the solid adsorbent is formed in a thin layer on glass or other flat support.

A long time period of action in weeks, months, or years

The adverse effects that develop slowly over a long period of time or upon repeated prolong exposure to a hazardous material without implying a degree of severity

Effects resulting from repeated exposure to a material for the lifespan of the species, or the greater part thereof.

Charterers

Charterers

Continuous Survey of Hull

Cost and Insurance: A price that includes the cost of the goods, the marine insurance and all transportation charges except the ocean freight to the named point of destination.

Clause

UK Chemical Industries Association

Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination). Exactly the same as CFR except that the seller must in addition procure and pay for the insurance. Maritime transport only. The four rules defined by Incoterms 2010 for international trade where transportation is entirely conducted by water are: FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF

A Term of Sale where the seller has the same obligations as under the CFR but also has to procure marine insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

Cost, Insurance, Freight (Named Port). Same as C&F or CFR except seller also provides insurance to named destination.

Price includes commission as well as CIF.

Cost, insurance, freight and exchange

Cost, insurance, freight, commission and interest

Cost, insurance, freight, and free out

Cost, insurance, freight, interest and exchange

Cost, insurance and freight, London terms

International Convention Concerning the Carriage of Goods by Rail

International Committee of Textile Care

Carriage and Insurance Paid to (named place of destination). The containerized transport/multimodal equivalent of CIF. Seller pays for carriage and insurance to the named destination point, but risk passes when the goods are handed over to the first carrier. Incoterms 2010

A Term of Sale which means the seller has the same obligations as under CPT, but with the addition that the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. The buyer should note that under the CIP term the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum coverage. The CIP term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

Comité International de la Rayonne et des Fibers Synthétiques (International Rayon and Synthetic Fibers Committee)

Commercial Interest Reference Rate

The term applied to a geometric isomer of an unsaturated fatty acid where the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms comprising the double bond are on the same side of the carbon chain.

Commonwealth of Independent States

Completely or Cars knocked down

Carload or Containerload

A demand made upon a transportation line for payment on account of a loss sustained through its alleged negligence.

Classification society which has inspected and certified the vessel from construction, launch and periodically throughout a vessel''s trading life, including re-classification after any incident of grounding, stranding or collision.

Master or Captain: Entitles the holder to act as Master on a ship of any size, with unlimited trading range.

Chief Engineer: Entitles the holder to act as Chief Engineer on a ship of any power.

1st Mate, Chief Mate or Chief Officer: Entitles the holder to act as Chief Mate on a ship of any size with unlimited trading or may entitle the holder to act as Master on a ship but with restrictions on size or trading area.

2nd Engineer: Entitles the holder to sail as Second Engineer on a ship of any power but may also entitle the holder to act as Chief Engineer on a ship with a restriction on power.

2nd Mate: Entitles the holder to act as officer in charge of a navigational watch on a ship of any size with unlimited trading but may also entitle the holder to act as Chief Mate, or possibly Master, on a ship but with restrictions on size or trading area.

3rd Engineer: Entitles the holder to act as officer in charge of an engineering watch on a ship of any power but may also entitle the holder to act as Second Engineer, or possibly Chief Engineer, on a ship with a restriction on power.

3rd Mate: Entitles the holder to act as officer in charge of a navigational watch on any ship.

4th Engineer: Entitles the holder to act as officer in charge of an engineering watch on a ship of any power.

A publication, such as Uniform Freight Classification (railroad) or the National Motor Freight Clas- sification (motor carrier), that assigns ratings to various articles and provides bill of lading descriptions and rules.

The designation provided in a classification by which a class rate is determined.

An organization maintained for the surveying and classing of ships so that insurance underwriters and others may know the quality and condition of the vessels offered for insurance or employment. See also ABS, BV, DNV, LR and NK.

A railroad yard with many tracks used for assembling freight trains.

A substance capable of causing structural injury to chromosomes.

An anti–trust act of the U.S. Congress making price discrimination unlawful.

International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage 1969/1984 (Certificate of Insurance)

Unleaded, when used to describe motor gasoline or blendstock.

Ballast contained in cargo tanks that have been COW'd and thoroughly water washed. It may be discharged to sea and meets MARPL requirements.

A certificate signed by a port authority attesting that no contagious disease existed in the port of departure and none of crew were infected with a disease at the time of sailing. Shore-side, it means in good shape..

A bill of lading issued by a carrier declaring that the goods have been received in an appropriate condition, without the presence of defects. The product carrier will issue a clean bill after thoroughly inspecting the packages for any damage, missing quantities or deviations in quality.

So-called clean fuels are among the instruments introduced by EU Member States to combat air pollution problems arising from increases in road transport. See Auto-Oil Programme.

The stopping of articles, such as peanuts, etc., for cleaning at a point between the point of origin and destination.

The clear point is the temperature at which a fat sample in a closed capillary tube or a U-tube becomes completely clear on warming.

One of the things done in preparation for battle. Current usage similar to "Batten down the hatches"..

The size beyond which cars or loads cannot use bridges, tunnels, etc.

A strip of wood or metal used to afford additional strength, to prevent warping, or to hold in place.

The term "climate change" is used to imply a significant change from one climatic condition to another. Sometimes, climate change is used synonymously with the term global warming; scientists however, tend to use the term in the wider sense to also include natural changes in climate.

Material which adheres to the surface of tank walls and structures, both horizontal and vertical, within empty and part empty tanks, other than bottom surfaces.

Refrigeration equipment attachable to an insulated container that does not have its own refrigeration unit.

In the 17th century the barriers that sailors laid across a ship’s deck in order to provide a safe haven from the enemy were called close-fights. By the mid 18th century that confined defensive space became called ‘close quarters’, i.e. close dwellings. This eventually came to mean ‘near enough to to be able to fight hand to hand’.

The procedure to prevent the release of cargo vapours at deck level on vessels during loading, ballasting and discharging. This is essential when handling toxic, volatile or noxious cargoes to prevent injury to personnel and risk of ignition. "Closed Ope

The cloud point is the temperature at which the oil begins to cloud resulting from crystallisation under controlled cooling. The cloud point is related to the unsaturation of the oil. In general, the higher the unsaturation of an oil, the lower will be its cloud point.

The temperature where wax crystals begin to appear in a cooled hydrocarbon mixture. This quality consideration, usually applied to gasoil, indicates how cold the air must become to make a stream form solids which block filters halting fuel delivery. Cloud point of gasoil resembles freezing point of kerosene.

Centimeter

Composite Meter Factor

Committee Maritime International

Common Marine Inspection Document