Consignee
A person or company to whom commodities are shipped.
Consignee Mark
A symbol placed on packages for identification purposes; generally a triangle, square, circle, etc. with letters and/or numbers and port of discharge.
Consignment
(1) A stock of merchandise advanced to a dealer and located at his place of business, but with title remaining in the source of supply. (2) A shipment of goods to a consignee.
Consignor
A person or company shown on the bill of lading as the shipper.
Consolidation
Cargo containing shipments of two or more shippers or suppliers. Containerload shipments may be consolidated for one or more consignees, often in containerload quantities.
Consolidator
A person or firm performing a consolidation service for others. The consolidator takes advantage of lower full carload (FCL) rates, and passes on the savings to shippers.
Construction Differential Subsidy
A program whereby the U.S. government attempted to offset the higher shipbuilding cost in the U.S. by paying up to 50% of the difference between cost of U.S. and non–U.S. construction. The differ- ence went to the U.S. shipyard. It is unfunded since 1982.
Consul
A government official residing in a foreign country who represents the interests of her or his country and its nationals.
Consular Declaration
A formal statement describing goods to be shipped; filed with and approved by the consul of the country of destination prior to shipment.
Consular Invoice
A document, certified by a consular official, is required by some countries to describe a shipment. Used by Customs of the foreign country, to verify the value, quantity and nature of the cargo.
Consular Visa
An official signature or seal affixed to certain documents by the consul of the country of destina- tion.
Consumption Entry (CE)
The process of declaring the importation of foreign–made goods into the United States for use in the United States.
Container
A truck trailer body that can be detached from the chassis for loading into a vessel, a rail car or stacked in a container depot. Containers may be ventilated, insulated, refrigerated, flat rack, vehicle rack, open top, bulk liquid or equipped with interior devices. A container may be 20 feet, 40 feet, 45 feet, 48 feet or 53 feet in length, 8’0” or 8’6” in width, and 8’6” or 9’6” in height.
Container Barge, propelled
A self propelled cargo vessel with boxed holds fitted with fixed cellular guides for the carriage of containers
Container Booking
Arrangements with a steamship line to transport containerized cargo.
Container Freight Station
See CFS.
Container Load
A load sufficient in size to fill a container either by cubic measurement or by weight.
Container Manifest
Document showing contents and loading sequence, point of origin, and point of destination for a container. Vessels are required by law to carry such a document for each container carried.
Container Pool
An agreement between parties that allows the efficient use and supply of containers. A common supply of containers available to the shipper as required.
Container Security Initiative (CSI)
A U.S. cargo security program whereby containerized cargoes destined for the United States may be inspected on a selective basis at many foreign ports before loading on a vessel. As of October 2007, there were 51 approved ports. A multinational program, aligned with the President’s “Strategy for Homeland Security”, that extends the United States’ zone of security by pre–screening containers that pose a potential security risk before they leave foreign ports for U.S. seaports.
Container Ship (Fully Cellular with Ro-Ro Facility)
A container ship with the additional capability to be loaded and unloaded by ro-ro access to a limited portion of the cargo space
Container Ship (Fully Cellular)
A single deck cargo vessel with boxed holds fitted with fixed cellular guides for the carriage of containers
Container Ship (Fully Cellular), Inland Waterways
A vessel designed for the transportation of fully cellular Containers. Not designed for operation in open sea
Container Terminal
An area designated for the stowage of cargoes in container; usually accessible by truck, railroad and marine transportation. Here containers are picked up, dropped off, maintained and housed.
Container Vessels
Ships equipped with permanent container cells that hold containers
Container Yard (CY)
A materials–handling/storage facility used for completely unitized loads in containers and/or empty containers. Commonly referred to as CY.
Container-on-Barge
Using deck barges, shipping by container-on-barge is becoming more prevalent as a means to mitigate truck traffic congestion on the nation's highways.
Container/Ro-Ro Cargo Ship
A hybrid of a container ship and a ro-ro cargo ship in independent sections
Containerizable Cargo
Cargo that will fit into a container and result in an economical shipment.
Containerization
Stowage of general or special cargoes in a container for transport in the various modes.
Contraband
Cargo that is prohibited.
Contract
A legally binding agreement between two or more persons/organizations to carry out reciprocal ob- ligations or value.
Contract Carrier
Any person not a common carrier who, under special and individual contracts or agreements, transports passengers or property for compensation.
Contract deal
see TERM DEAL
Control zones
Designated areas at dangerous goods incidents, based on safety and the degree of hazard. Many terms are used to describe control zones; however, in this guidebook, these zones are defined as the hot, warm, and cold zones. (NFPA 472)
Controlled Atmosphere
Sophisticated, computer–controlled systems that manage the mixtures of gases within a container throughout an intermodal journey reducing decay.
Conventional Day
CONVENTIONAL DAY shall mean a period of twenty-four (24) consecutive hours running from any identified time. Any part of a Conventional Day shall be counted pro-rata.
Conventional Tanker
Crude tankers used for deep sea transportation of unrefined oil from producing countries to refineries, ranging in size from 55,000 to 500,000 deadweight tonnes.
Conversion
Cracking molecules which boil above the threshold temperature into smaller ones which boil below it. Traditionally, the term applied to catalytic crackers. They convert oil which boils above 430 F to hydrocarbons which boil below that point. In other words, they convert gasoil to naphtha. The recent popularity of residue crackers has established another conversion standard around 720 F. This point marks the elevation of fuel oil to light products. Loosely, the term refers to any processing step which breaks molecules into pieces which boil at lower temperatures.
Conversion
In the plastics industry, conversion is the processing of raw materials into usable forms, e.g. the conversion of plastic pellets into films or the conversion of films into food containers. The steps involved include compounding (the mixing together of various raw materials, e.g. polymers and additives), melting and extruding, shaping and solidifying.
Convulsant
A material which causes seizures.
Copper-Bottomed
Copper-bottomed described ships that were fitted with copper plating on the underside of their hulls. The process was first used on ships of the British Navy in 1761 to defend their wooden planking against attack by Shipworms and to reduce infestations by barnacles. The method was successful in protecting ships’ timbers and in increasing speed and manoeuvrability and soon became widely used. Before long, "Copper-bottomed" began to be used figuratively to refer to anything that was certain and trustworthy.
Copra
The fruit of the tree ""Cocos Nucifera"" is the well known coconut. The white meat of the coconut, when removed and dried to between 4% to 7% moisture, is called copra. Drying may be either by sun drying where the moisture is allowed to evaporate naturally or forced drying where the heat for drying is obtained by burning the empty shells. This last method causes an uptake of PAH's in the oil making it necessary to bleach with active carbon.
Corn Oil
Corn oil is obtained from the germ of the corn (or maize) cob, the germ being separated as a byproduct from the manufacture of starch from corn. The corn oil is extracted from the germ and, after refining, it has a number of uses such as frying and as a good quality salad oil. It tends to be darker than refined rapeseed and soyabean oils and it may require dewaxing if it is used for bottling.
Corner Posts
Vertical frame components fitted at the corners of the container, integral to the corner fittings and connecting the roof and floor structures. Containers are lifted and secured in a stack using the castings at the ends.
Correspondent Bank
A bank that, in its own country, handles the business of a foreign bank.
Corrosion
Physiochemical interaction between a metal and its environment that results in changes in the properties of the metal and which may lead to significant impairment of the function of the metal, the environment or technical system, of which these form a part
Corrosion fatigue
Process involving conjoint corrosion and alternating straining of the metal, often leading to cracking
Corrosion product
Substance formed as a result of corrosion
Corrosive
Capable of causing erosive destruction of tissues.
corrosive environment
Environment that contains one or more corrosive agents
Corvette
A combat vessel smaller than a destroyer, often armed for antisubmarine operations
Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF)
Cost of goods, marine insurance and all transportation (freight) charges are paid to the foreign point of delivery by the seller.
COSWP
MCA Code of Safe Working Practices
COTANCE
European Federation of Tanneries and Leather Care in Europe
COTP
Captain Of The Port (Coast Guard)
Cottonseed Oil
Records show that cotton has been grown for nearly 3,000 years as a source of fibre to be spun and woven into textiles. The seed is a by-product which yields 20-24% of useful food oil.
Countervailing Duty
An additional duty imposed to offset export grants, bounties or subsidies paid to foreign suppliers in certain countries by the government of that country for the purpose of promoting export.
Couple
Ship Stability: A moment created by two equla forces exerted in opposite directions and along parallel lines. In transverse stability a couple is created by the forces of G and B acting parallel to each other in opposite direction
Covered Bulk Cargo Barge, non propelled
A non propelled covered barge for the carriage of bulk cargoes
COW
Crude Oil Washing: The operation carried out on crude oil ships as a statutory requirement under Marpol 73/78 to reduce the quantity of residual oil left in cargo tanks that will or might contain ballast. The operation is also employed to maximise the o
COW
Crude oil wash. A cleaning technique used by some ships. They spray a few tons of crude around their tanks to rinse off the remains of previous cargoes. This method cannot make a dirty vessel clean. But it can do enough good to prevent excessive darkening of not particularly color-sensitive cargo.
CPMA
Chemicals and Petrochemicals Manufacturers Association (India)
CPP
Clean Petroleum Product
CPR
Cardia-Pulmonary Respiration
CPT
Carriage Paid To (named place of destination). The seller pays for carriage. Risk transfers to buyer upon handing goods over to the first carrier. Incoterms 2010
CPT (Carriage Paid To fro a named port)
A Term of Sale which means the seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrier. If subsequent carriers are used for the carriage to the agreed upon destination, the risk passes when the goods have been delivered to the first carrier. The CPT term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
CQD
Customary Quick Despatch
CR
Compressor Room (OCIMF acronym)
Cracked
Broken by a thermal or catalytic process. This term frequently describes an oil product which contains cracked components made by such a process.
Cracked component
An ingredient in a hydrocarbon blend produced by a cracking process. The opposite of a virgin or straight-run component. Blends containing any cracked components do not qualify as straight-run. The presence of cracked components makes refinery streams unsuited for certain feedstock uses. The issue arises most frequently regarding heavy fuel oils. Companies buying such streams to produce catfeed want a virgin material containing no cracked components.
Cracked cutters
Cycle oils used to reduce the sulfur content or, especially, the viscosity of fuel oil.
Cracked fuel
Fuel oil containing molecules broken in a cracking unit. The term most frequently applies to residue. It distinguishes streams unsuitable for upgrading from straight-run material of interest as feedstock.
Cracked Gas
see UNSATURATED GASES
Cracked naphtha
General term for any naphtha-range fraction produced by a molecule breaking process. The category includes cat gasoline from a catalytic cracker, visbroken naphtha from a visbreaker, and coker naphtha from a coking unit. In ordinary usage, this term signifies streams with a high olefin content. That custom discourages its application to hydrocrackate and pyrolysis gasoline, known, respectively, for their naphthenes and aromatics concentrations.
Cracked Stock
see CRACKED COMPONENT. Cracking units produce cracked stocks such as cycle oils and cat naphthas used for blending finished products.
Cracker
A processing unit which breaks molecular bonds, usually to produce lighter hydrocarbons with lower boiling points. Commercial crackers (cracking units) include cat crackers, hydrocrackers, thermal crackers, visbreakers, and stream crackers.
Cracking
The process of breaking down large molecules of oil into smaller ones. When this process is achieved by the application of heat only, it is known as thermal cracking. If a catalyst is used as well it is known as catalytic cracking. It is known as hydrocracking if the catalytic process is conducted in a hydrogen atmosphere. Cracking causes molecular decomposition and recombination to produce a range of more useful base chemicals.
Cracking-Cracker
The process of breaking down large molecules of oil into smaller ones. When this process is achieved by the application of heat only, it is known as thermal cracking. If a catalyst is used as well it is known as catalytic cracking. Cracking causes molecular decomposition and recombination to produce a range of more useful base chemicals. Cracking is the basic process taking place in crackers.
Crane Platform, jack up
A jack up offshore crane platform
Crane Platform, semi submersible
A semi submersible offshore crane platform
Crane Pontoon
A pontoon with a jib crane
Crane Ship
A vessel equipped with a large crane for lifting operations
Crane Vessel, Naval Auxiliary
A naval auxiliary vessel constructed or adapted for crane operations, with limited cargo capability
CRD
Current rate discharge
Crevice corrosion
Localized corrosion associated with, and taking place in, or immediately around, a narrow aperture or clearance formed between the metal surface and another surface (metallic or non-metallic)
Crew
The body of people manning a ship, excluding the master, officers and any passengers.
Crew Boat
A vessel equipped for the transportation of crew to ships and/or installations
