PADAG
Please Authorize Delivery Against Guarantee: A request from the consignee to the shipper to allow the carrier or agent to release cargo against a guarantee, either bank or personal. Made when the consignee is unable to produce original bills of lading.
PAH
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon. PAH's occur mainly, and to high levels, in coconut oil because of the practice of smoke drying the copra. However, PAH's have also been detected in other oils, although at a much lower level. Removal of PAH's is by proper deodorisation in combination with treatment of active carbon.
Paired Ports
A U.S. Customs program wherein at least two designated Customs ports will enter cargo that arrives at either port without the necessity of an in–bound document.
Pallet
A platform with or without sides, on which a number of packages or pieces may be loaded to facilitate handling by a lift truck.
Palletised Cargo Ship
A single or multi deck cargo ship loaded and unloaded by way of pallets lift(s). There are no weather deck hatches
Palm Acid Oil
It is a by-product obtained from the alkali refining of palm oil resulting from the acidulation of soapstock. It is normally used for making laundry soaps.
Palm Kernel Cake
The residue after pressing and/or solvent extraction of palm kernels to obtain the oil. Used as a component of animal feed.
Palm Mid Fraction
Palm mid fraction (PMF) is obtained by a two stage fractionation. Usually, in the first stage, the highest melting solid components are removed and, in the second stage, the most liquid. The solid residue of the second stage has sharp melting properties that make it highly suitable for use in confectionery products.
Palm Oil
The oil obtained from the fruit flesh of the oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis). World production in 1995/96 was estimated by the USDA at 15.69 million tonnes, Malaysia and Indonesia being the major producing countries. Most of the plantings today are of the ""tenera"" variety obtained by crossing dura (thick shell) and pisifera (almost shell-less). The fruit characteristics of tenera are almost ideal.
Palm Olein
Palm oil is separated into palm stearin (30-35% of the original oil ) and palm olein (65-70%). The latter finds a ready market as a high-quality, highly stable frying oil. With improved filtration procedures the yield of olein has been raised to 71-78%.
Palm Stearin
As mentioned above, palm oil is separated into palm stearin and palm olein. The olein is the more valuable product, but the stearin can be used as a hard fat in margarine stock or as an alternative to tallow in the oleochemical industry where it serves as a source of stearic, palmitic and oleic glycerides.
Palmitic Acid
Palmitic acid, having a 16 carbon atom chain, is the most widely distributed saturated fatty acid. It occurs in practically all animal, vegetable and marine animal fats and is a major component of lard, tallow, palm oil and cocoa butter.
Paml Kernel Oil
The oil obtained from the kernel of the oil palm fruit. Its chemical composition is quite different from that of the palm oil obtained from the flesh. Palm kernel oil is a lauric type oil similar to coconut oil.
Panamax
Medium Range Tanker, maximum size possible to pass through the locks of the Panama Canal- designed for carrying bulk crude oil in tanks. (60,000 dwt - 80,000 dwt approx with 32.2m beam limitation)
Panamax Tanker
A liquid cargo vessel of 50,000 to 70,000dwt.
Panamax tankers
Oil carriers which meet the 32.2 meter beam and 259 meter LOA limitations of the Panama Canal. Modern ship design translates those dimensions into a vessel with a maximum deadweight tonnage around 70,000.
Panamax Vessel
Ships built to maximize capacity within the Panama Canal lock size limits of 950 feet long, 106 feet wide. Design draft is usually no greater than 40 feet and sails no greater than the 39.5 feet canal limit, with deadweights up to 80,000 tons.
PANDI or P&I
Protection and Indemnity's (Club). A mutual Association formed by shipowners to provide protection from large financial loss by one member by contribution towards that loss by all members. The P & I Clubs cover liabilities not insurable by the shipowner.
Paper barrels
Also known as dry barrels or electric barrels, these units trade in the futures or other non-physical markets. These terms designate the opposite of the wet barrels traded in physical deals. Since short sales in the wet market involve product the seller does not own at the time of making the deal, dry barrel terminology may apply.
Paper Ramp
A technical rail ramp, used for equalization of points not actually served.
Paper Rate
A published rate that is never assessed because no freight moves under it.
Paraffinic
A high concentrate of paraffins, usually in distinction from naphthenic or olefinic mixtures.
Paraffins
straight- or branched-chain hydrocarbons containing no unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. A high paraffins content gives a naphtha a low octane rating, a diesel oil a high octane number, and a vacuum gasoil or straight run fuel oil a good susceptibility to catalytic cracking. The trade often uses the term waxy to signify a high paraffins content in a heavy distillate or resid. The "P" in PONA stands for paraffins.
Paraxylene
One of the forms of xylene, paraxylene is used to make polyesters, which have applications in clothing, packaging and plastic bottles. The most widely-used polyester is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), used in lightweight, recyclable soft drinks bottles, as fibers in clothing, as a filling for anoraks and duvets, in car tyre cords and conveyor belts. It can also be made into a film that is used in video and audiotapes and x-ray films.
Parcel Receipt
An arrangement whereby a steamship company, under rules and regulations established in the freight tariff of a given trade, accepts small packages at rates below the minimum bill of lading, and issues a parcel receipt instead of a bill of lading.
Parcel tanker
A ship fitted to segregate a large number of products. Some of these vessels, called chemical carriers, can handle more than a dozen materials simultaneously. Most of these ships have tanks made of stainless steel or lined with inert, easily cleaned coatings. This equipment permits carriage of high-purity or corrosive materials, or simply the use of tanks for a succession of assorted materials without contamination problems. The trade likes to call these flexible vessels "drugstore ships".
Parcels Tanker
A chemical tanker with many segregated cargo tanks to carry multiple grades of chemicals as defined in the International Bulk Chemical Code. Typically these can have between 10 and 60 different tanks
Parraffinic naphtha
A naphtha composed primarily of paraffinic molecules. In general, the feedstock trade considers 65 percent paraffins content the minimum for a paraffinic naphtha. Paraffins have a low octane rating. They crack readily, however. This combination of properties gears paraffinic naphthas for ethylene feedstock more than for high-octane motor gasoline blending.
Partial Containerships
Multipurpose containerships where one or more but not all compartments are fitted with permanent container cells. Remaining compartments are used for other types of cargo.
Partial Shipments
Under letters of credit, one or more shipments are allowed by the phrase “partial shipments permit- ted.”
Partially Hydrogenated
The term used to describe an oil which has been lightly to moderately hydrogenated to shift the melting point to a higher temperature range and increase the stability of the oil. Partially hydrogenated oils remain liquid and are used in a wide variety of food applications.
Particular Average
See Insurance, Particular Average.
Passenger Ship
A vessel certificated to carry more than 12 passengers, some of whom may be accommodated in cabins
Passenger Ship, Inland Waterways
A vessel used for carriage of passengers with purpose of a to b transport on rivers/lakes/canals, not suitable for open sea voyages.
Passenger/Container Ship
A container ship with accommodation for the carriage of more than 12 passengers
Passenger/Cruise
A vessel certificated to carry more than 12 passengers, all of whom may be accommodated in cabins
Passenger/Landing Craft
A landing craft certificated to carry more than 12 passengers
Passenger/Ro-Ro Ship (Vehicles)
A ro-ro cargo ship with accommodation for more than 12 passengers
Passenger/Ro-Ro Ship (Vehicles), Inland Waterways
A vessel designed for the transportation of Vehicles. Not designed for operation in open sea
Passenger/Ro-Ro Ship (Vehicles/Rail)
A ro-ro cargo ship for the additional carriage of rail-vehicles and with accommodation for more than 12 passengers
Passenger/Ro-Ro Ship (Vehicles/Train), Inland Waterways
A vessel designed for the transportation of Vehicles or Rail vehicles. Not designed for operation in open sea
Passivation
A nitric acid wash of high chromium stainless steel ship's tanks to form a very thin oxide film on the metal surface which serves as a protective barrier.
Passivation potential
Corrosion potential, at which the corrosion current has a peak value, and above which there is a range of potentials, where the metal is in a passive state
Passive state
State of a metal resulting from a passivation, usually the formation of an extremely thin surface oxide layer
Patrol Vessel
A non military vessel used for patrol duties
Patrol Vessel, Naval
A naval vessel for patrolling duties
Payee
A party named in an instrument as the beneficiary of the funds. Under letters of credit, the payee is either the drawer of the draft or a bank.
Payer
A party responsible for the payment as evidenced by the given instrument. Under letters of credit, the payer is the party on whom the draft is drawn, usually the drawee bank.
PB
Permanent Bunkers or Poop and Bridge
PBF
Poop, bridge and forecastle
PC
Per Container or Part Cargo or Port Consumption or Product carrier or Period of Charter or Port Clearance
PCC
Pure Car Carrier or Pre-Carriage Charges
PCM
Per calendar month (hire)
PCNT
Panama Canal Net Tonnage
PCO
Port, charterers' option
PCO or PICO
Port in charterer’s option
PCTC
Pure Car and Truck Carrier
PD
Per Diem or Per day or Port Dues or Paid or Passed
PD
Production deck (OCIMF acronym)
PD STG£
British Pound Sterling (GBP)
PDA
PDA (Proforma Disbursement Account) Calculation – Preliminary Estimate
PDAOPR
Per day and/or pro rata
PDOPR
Per diem or pro rata
Pearl Shells Carrier
A vessel equipped for the carriage of pearl shells
PEL
Permussible Exposure Limit. This is one of the most important OSHA limits used. It is defined as the allowable limit for air containment in which works may be exposed day after day without adverse health effects.
Per Diem
A charge, based on a fixed daily rate.
Per Hatch Per Day
PER HATCH PER DAY shall mean that the Laytime is to be calculated by dividing the quantity of cargo by the result of multiplying the agreed daily rate per hatch by the number of the Vessel’s hatches. Thus: Laytime = Quantity of cargo / (Daily rate x Number of hatches) = Days. Each pair of parallel twin hatches shall count as one hatch. Nevertheless, a hatch that is capable of being worked by two gangs simultaneously shall be counted as two hatches.
Per Working Hatch Per Day or Per Workable Hatch Per Day
PER HATCH PER DAY shall mean that the Laytime is to be calculated by dividing the quantity of cargo by the result of multiplying the agreed daily rate per hatch by the number of the Vessel’s hatches. Thus: Laytime = Quantity of cargo / (Daily rate x Number of hatches) = Days. Each pair of parallel twin hatches shall count as one hatch. Nevertheless, a hatch that is capable of being worked by two gangs simultaneously shall be counted as two hatches. Each pair of parallel twin hatches shall count as one hatch. Nevertheless, a hatch that is capable of being worked by two gangs simultaneously shall be counted as two hatches.
Percutaneous toxicity
Systemic toxic effects produced as a result of a substance being absorbed across the skin.
Perils of the Sea
Those causes of loss for which the carrier is not legally liable. The elemental risks of ocean trans- port.
Period business
Deals which involve transfer of merchandise or delivery of service (transportation, for instance) from seller to buyer over a stretch of time. See term deal and time charter.
Permanent Shore Facility
Any vessel which has been decommissioned as a non floating permanent facility
Peroxide Value
Fats consist of saturated and unsaturated acids. The unsaturated acids are susceptible to oxidation, that is oxygen, can add to the fatty chain to form peroxides or hydroperoxides. The peroxide value is a measure of the amount of these products. It is usually expressed as the milli-equivalents of peroxide-oxygen combined per kilogram of fat. The determination of peroxides is based primarily on their ability to liberate iodine from potassium iodide in glacial acetic acid followed by titration of the liberated iodine with sodium thiosulphate using starch as indicator.
PES
Unsaturated Polyester Resins
PET
Polyethylene terephthalate. PET is derived from xylene and is one of the most widely used industrial polyesters. It is used in lightweight, recyclable soft drink bottles, as fibers in clothing, as a filling for anoraks and duvets, in car tyre cords and conveyor belts. It can also be made into a film that is used in video and audio tapes and x-ray films.
Petrochemical
An organic compound that has been derived from petroleum or natural gas. There are almost 200 chemicals that can be so described and they include many simple hydrocarbons (e.g. methane, ethane), aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene, toluene), naphthenes and several of their derivatives.
Petroleum
A generic term applied to oil and oil products in all forms, such as crude oil, unfinished oils, petroleum products, natural gas plant liquids, and non-hydrocarbon compounds blended into finished petroleum products. See crude oil.
PFAD
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate. It is a term used specifically for the by-product obtained from palm oil refined by steam distillation (physical refining). PFAD contains free fatty acid (major component) and a small amount of unsaponifiable material and neutral oil, including mono and diglycerides. PFAD has been used to partially substitute some beef tallows in the production of laundry soap.
PFD
Personal Floatation Device
PFSA
Port Facility Security Assessment
PFSO
Petroleum Floating Storage Offloading or Port Facility Security Officer
PFSP
Port Facility Security Plan
