Interesterication
A term given to the production of esters by interaction of two esters in the presence of an alkaline or enzymatic catalyst.
Interesterification
Interesterification modifies the natural distribution of the fatty acids in fats and oils. By the use of a catalyst the combined fatty acids are induced to become detached from their original glycerol molecule and reattached in a random manner (random interesterification). A modification of this process is to lower the temperature until some of the newly formed high melting glycerides crystallise out (directed interesterification). The processes result in a different triglyceride composition which, in turn, leads to physical properties different from the native fats or oils. The products may be more useful for making margarine, vanaspati and shortening.
INTERGRAF
International Confederation of Printing and Allied Industries
Intergranular corrosion
Corrosion in or adjacent to the grain boundaries of a metal
Interior Channel
The access channel system inside a water body that connects the entrance channel (inlet or bar) to a port or harbor with appropriate ship facilities. Interior channels are usually located to provide some protection from waves and weather and are located in bays, estuaries, or rivers (EM 1110-2-1613).
Interline Freight
Freight moving from origin to destination over the Freight lines of two or more transportation car- riers.
Intermediate
A partially refined petroleum stream. Such materials require further processing to make finished products. Various intermediates sell as feedstocks. The industry also uses this word as an adjective to designate a medium score on some quality ranking--between sweet and sour, for instance.
Intermediate
A chemical intermediate is any substance generated by one step in a synthetic process and used for the succeeding step.
Intermediate crude
Petroleum with sulfur content between sweet and sour--often defined as between 0.5 and 1.0 weight percent sulfur.
Intermediate Point
A point located en route between two other points.
INTERMODAL
Carriage of a commodity by different modes of transport, i.e. sea, road, rail and air within a single journey.
International Ship and Port Security Code (ISPS)
It is an amendment to the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention (1974/1988) on minimum security arrangements for ships, ports and government agencies. Having come into force in 2004, it prescribes responsibilities to governments, shipping companies, shipboard personnel, and port/ facility personnel to “detect security threats and take preventative measures against security incidents affecting ships or port facilities used in international trade.”
INTERTANKO
The International Association of Independent Tanker Owners: An international organisation based in London whose aim is to represent the views of its members at International Forums.
Invoice
An itemized list of goods shipped to a buyer, stating quantities, prices, shipping charges, etc.
Inward Foreign Manifest (IFM)
A complete listing of all cargo entering the country of discharge. Required at all world ports and is the primary source of cargo control, against which duty is assessed by the receiving country.
Iodine Value
Iodine value is a measure of the total number of unsaturated double bonds present in an oil. Determination of iodine value involves the addition of an excess of halogen to the sample, reaction of the excess halogen with potassium iodide and titration of liberated iodine with standard sodium thiosulphate using starch solution as the indicator. Of the many procedures available, the most widely used are the Wijs (iodine monochloride) and Hanus (iodine) methods.
IOP
Irrespecitve of percentage
IOPC
International Oil Pollution Compensation (fund)
IOPP
International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate
IOPPC
International Oil Pollution Prevention Certificate
IPA
Intermediate Pressure Ahead
IPI
Inland Point Intermodal: Refers to inland points (non–ports) that can be served by carriers on a through bill of lading.
IPIF
International Petrochemical Information Forum
IPOC
Initial Point of Contact
IPP NLS
International Pollution Prevention Noxious Liquid Substance Certificate
IPPC
EU Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (see Best Available Techniques)
IPS
Intermediate Pressure astern
IPSO FACTO
By the fact itself
Iron
Iron acts as a catalyst in oxidation processes and thus it is detrimental to the quality of oils and fats. Iron is a trace metal, its presence in vegetable oils is mainly due to contamination such as wear and tear of machinery during extraction and during transportation. The natural iron content of a crude oil can rise to 4 or 5 ppm due to milling processes, transport and storage. The normal iron content of fully refined oil is 0.1 ppm or less. However, contamination during transport occasionally causes substantial increases.
Irrevocable Letter of Credit
Letter of credit in which the specified payment is guaranteed by the bank if all terms and conditions are met by the drawee and which cannot be revoked without joint agreement of both the buyer and the seller.
Irritant
A substance that produces an irritating effect when it contacts the skin, eyes, nose or respiratory system.
IRS
Indian Register of Shipping
ISF
International Shipping Federation
ISGOTT
International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals: A comprehensive guide to the safe conduct of all tanker and terminal cargo related operations
ISIF
International Styrene Information Forum. For more information, click here.
ISIS
Integrated Ship Inspection System (see CDI)
ISLWG
International Shipping Legislation Working Group (UNCTAD)
ISM
International Safety Management
ISM Code
Provides an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention. This is a regulatory requirement for shipping companies.
ISM(C)
International Safety Management Code
ISMC
International Safety Management Code
ISO
Instead of or International Standard Organization
ISO 14001
Provides standards on how to manage a company''s activities in a way that minimizes harm to the environment.
ISO 9001
Provides standards any company can use to deliver good quality products or services.
Isobutanol
Isobutanol is a colorless, flammable organic compound classified as an alcohol. As such, it is widely used as a solvent in chemical reactions and as a starting material for organic synthesis.
Isobutyl acetate
Isobutyl acetate is a common solvent, produced from the esterification of isobutanol with acetic acid.
Isobutylene
Isobutylene is used in organic synthesis and in the production of high octane aviation gasoline. Its main use is in the production of butyl rubber where it comprises 98% of the raw material used.
Isomer
Compounds containing the same elements in the same proportions which can exist in more than one structural form, e.g. geometric, positional or cyclic.
Isomer
One of two or more compounds of the same type and chemical formula but different configurations. For example two C4 paraffins, isobutane and normal butane have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms. But the carbons form a T shape in one and a straight line in the other. This difference gives each of the two isomers its own properties and uses.
Isomer-Isomeric
Two or more substances that have identical molecular formulas but different molecular structures or configurations, and hence different properties, are called isomers. Isomers differ only in the arrangement of their component atoms.
Isomerate
The motor gasoline blendstock made by a C5-C6 isomerization unit.
Isomerisation
The chemical process by which a compound is transformed into any of its isomeric forms, i.e., forms with the same chemical composition but with different structure or configuration and, hence, generally with different physical and chemical properties. An example is the conversion of n-butane to its branched-chain isomer, isobutane, by heating the butane to 100° C or higher in the presence of a catalyst.
Isomers
Materials having the same chemical formula but having different structures and properties.
Isomerzation
A process which forces one isomer to become another. The most common application in the oil industry involves twisting linear paraffins into branched-chain form. Many refiners turn into isobutane, and a normal pentane hexane stream into an isopentaneisohexane mix. Some petrochemicals producers use an isomerization process to make para-xylene as possible from mixed xylenes.
ISOPA
The European Isocyanate Producers Association, an affiliate of Cefic.
Isoparaffins
Branched-chain saturate hydrocarbons. Any paraffin composed of four or more carbon atoms can have one or more isoparaffinic isomers.
Isophorone
Isophorone is a clear liquid that can be dissolved in water. It is an industrial chemical used extensively as a solvent in some printing inks, paints, lacquers, adhesives, vinyl resins, copolymers, coatings, finishes, and pesticides, in addition to being used as a chemical intermediate.
Isopropanol
Isopropanol is a major component of rubbing alcohols. Isopropanol is a secondary alcohol. It is one of the cheapest alcohols and has replaced ethanol for many uses because of its similar solvent properties. Isopropanol was formerly obtained largely by catalytic reduction of acetone ; oxidation of isopropanol is now the major source of acetone.
Isopropyl acetate
Isopropyl Acetate is a fast evaporating, mild odor solvent that is miscible with most common organic solvents and has properties intermediate between ethyl and butyl acetates. Isopropyl acetate can be used as surfactant in cleaning fluids, coatings, coatings for automotive, coatings for plastic, nail care, printing inks, solvents for cosmetics and personal care, and solvents for fragrances.
ISPS
International Ship and Port Facility Security
ISPS CODE
International Ship and Port Facility Security Code
ISSC
International Ship Security Certificate
Issuing Bank
Bank that opens a straight or negotiable letter of credit and assumes the obligation to pay the bank or beneficiary if the documents presented are in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit.
Issuing Carrier
The carrier issuing transportation documents or publishing a tariff.
ISTEC
Intertanko Technical Committee
ISWG
Intersessional Working Group on Maritime Security
IT
Immediate Transport: The document (prepared by the carrier) allows shipment to proceed from the port of entry in the U.S. to Customs clearing at the destination. The shipment clears Customs at its final destination. Also called an “In–Transit” Entry.
ITC
International Tonnage Certificate
ITF
International Transport Workers Fedration
ITF
International Transportworkers Federation
ITF or ITFW
International Transport Worker’s Federation
ITOPF
International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation
ITOSF
Informal Tanker Operator's Safety Forum
IUATUC
If used actual time used to count
IUATUTC
If Used, Actual Time Used To Count
IUHATUTC
If Used, Half Actual Time Used To Count
IUHTAUTC
If Used, Half Time Actually used to Count
IV
Invoice value or increased value
IVR
Rhine Barge Register: International Association for the representation of the mutual interests of the inland shipping and the insurance and for keeping the register of inland vessels in Europe.
IWL
Institute Warranty Limits
j. & w.o.
Jettison and washing overboard
Jacket
A wood or fiber cover placed around such containers as cans and bottles.
Jacket Launching Pontoon
A pontoon designed for positioning and launching jackets for offshore use
Jacket Launching Pontoon, semi submersible
A semi submersible pontoon designed for positioning and launching jackets for offshore use
Jacob’s Ladder
A rope ladder suspended from the side of a vessel and used for boarding.
JCRA
Joint Common Risks Agreement
