Maritime Terms, Abbreviations and Acronyms

European Wood Protection Manufacturers

When used in pricing terms such as “Ex Factory” or “Ex Dock,” it signifies that the price quoted applies only at the point of origin indicated.

Contraction for “Shipper’s Export Declaration.”

An Incoterm of sale meaning the seller delivers to the buyer at seller’s named premises.

Except

EXCEPTED or EXCLUDED shall mean that the Days specified do not count as Laytime even if loading or discharging is carried out on them.

Notations made when the cargo is received at the carrier’s terminal or loaded aboard a vessel. They show any irregularities in packaging or actual or suspected damage to the cargo. Exceptions are then noted on the bill of lading.

Excluding or Excluded or Exclusive

Executive Committee

A mobile vessel used for exhibitions, trade fairs and the like

European Extruded Polystyrene Insulation Board Association, a sector group of Cefic.

Export–Import Bank of the United States: An independent U.S. Government Agen- cy which facilitates exports of U.S. goods by providing loan guarantees and insurance for repayment of bank–provided export credit.

Extra Insurance

Chemical substances, which were deemed to be on the European Community market between 1 January 1971 and 18 September 1981. An "existing" chemical substance is in the EU defined as any chemical substance listed in the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Substances (EINECS), an inventory containing 100,195 substances. The Regulation 793/93 foresees that the evaluation and control of the risks posed by existing chemicals will be carried out in four steps: data collection, priority setting, risk assessment and risk reduction. Any chemical substance marketed after 18 September 1981 is called a new chemical.

Issued in connection with documents such as letters of credit, tariffs, etc. to advise that stated provisions will expire at a certain time.

Expected to load

Shipment of goods to a foreign country.

A government document declaring designated goods to be shipped out of the country. To be completed by the exporter and filed with the U.S. Government.

A government document which permits the “Licensee” to engage in the export of designated goods to certain destinations.

A rate published on traffic moving from an interior point to a port for transshipment to a foreign country.

any waters that are more than 20 nautical miles from a harbour or safe refuge, or those waters which are less than 20 nautical miles from a harbour or safe refuge and which are not designated coastal or protected waters.

The exposure assessment is the determination of the emissions in order to estimate the concentrations/doses of a substance to which human populations or environmental spheres (water, soil and air) are or may be exposed.

When oil is discovered the well must be tested to determine flow rates, reservoir performance and fluid/gas composition. In some complex reservoirs, it may be necessary to flow the well for a long time to determine whether a full field development can be economically justified.

Specifies the fire-fighting agents that should be used to extinguish fires

The process of obtaining oil from a seed or other source by the use of an organic solvent (usually hexane) is termed extraction. Following several pretreatment steps, culminating in the production of seed flakes, whose oil cell walls have been ruptured under pressure, the oil is extracted by percolation of an organic solvent through a bed of flakes. The solvent is removed from the oil-solvent solution (or miscella) by distillation. This process finds application where the oil content of the material is less than 20%. Where the oil content is much higher, e.g. copra (65%) and palm kernels (50%), most of the oil can be recovered by physical pressure (e.g. screw press) and the oil in the press residue may then be extracted with solvent.

Rust not originating from the steel under consideration, e.g., rust brought to the site from a rusting iron object by means of a flowing liquid, or formed by rusting of iron particles brought to the steel surface

Ex Works (named place of delivery). The seller makes the goods available at its premises. This term places the maximum obligation on the buyer and minimum obligations on the seller. The Ex Works term is often used when making an initial quotation for the sale of goods without any costs included. EXW means that a seller has the goods ready for collection at his premises (works, factory, warehouse, plant) on the date agreed upon. The buyer pays all transportation costs and also bears the risks for bringing the goods to their final destination. The seller doesn't load the goods on collecting vehicles and doesn't clear them for export. If the seller does load the good, he does so at buyer's risk and cost. If parties wish seller to be responsible for the loading of the goods on departure and to bear the risk and all costs of such loading, this must be made clear by adding explicit wording to this effect in the contract of sale. Incoterms 2010

A Term of Sale which means that the seller fulfills the obligation to deliver when he or she has made the goods available at his/her premises (i.e., works, factory, warehouse, etc.) to the buyer. In particular, the seller is not responsible for loading the goods in the vehicle provided by the buyer or for clearing the goods for export, unless otherwise agreed. The buyer bears all costs and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller’s premises to the desired destination. This term thus represents the minimum obligation for the seller.

Fahrenheit; Fresh water load line mark

Freight and demurrage

Forecastle

Forward

Full and complete

Freight and demmurrage

Free DESPatch

Free disbursement Account

Fixing Note

Freight release

Free Alongside

Fast as can

Fast As Can, According to Custom of Port

A factor is an agent who will, at a discount (usually five to 8% of the gross), buy receivables.

A stern trawler fitted out with a factory for refrigerating, processing and possibly canning

Fuel adjustment factor

A temperature scale according to which water boils at 212 and freezes at 32 Fahrenheit degrees convert to Centigrade degrees (C) by the following formula: (F-32)1.8= C.

Freight All Kinds (containtainers)

Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic

Facilitation Committee

Foul is an often used nautical term generally meaning entangled or impeded. An anchor tangled in line or cable is said to be a foul anchor. A foul berth is caused by another vessel anchoring too close wherein the risk of collision exists. A foul bottom offers poor holding for anchors

Misrepresenting freight or weight on shipping documents.

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), sometimes referred to as Vegetable Oil Methyl Esters (VOME), are used as transportation biofuels in varying proportions with diesel and as feed for the production of natural fatty alcohols. They are obtained by esterification of the oils with an alcohol (methanol).

full away on passage

Fair average quality

Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment). The seller must place the goods alongside the ship at the named port. The seller must clear the goods for export. Suitable only for maritime transport but NOT for multimodal sea transport in containers (see Incoterms 2010, ICC publication 715). This term is typically used for heavy-lift or bulk cargo. The four rules defined by Incoterms 2010 for international trade where transportation is entirely conducted by water are: FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF

A Term of Sale which means the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods have been placed along- side the vessel on the quay or in lighters at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that mo- ment.

A chemical unit resulting from the chemical combination or esterification of one unit of glycerine with three units of fatty acids. The special ester thus formed is a ""triglyceride"". A natural fat is a mixture of different triglycerides and may contain small quantities of mono- and diglycerides and fatty acids along with small amounts of other oil-soluble constituents. When referring to a fat, under normal ambient temperatures, the product would be in semi-solid form.

Fats and oils are triglycerides which are split on hydrolysis to give glycerol and a mixture of fatty acids. The process is usually carried out with steam at high temperature and pressure (e.g. 260°C and 55 bar). Triglyceride + Water ? Glycerol + Fatty Acids The process is reversible, hence an excess of water is required to ensure that hydrolysis is the major reaction. The glycerol produced is approximately of 13-15% concentration. This process opens the gateway to the oleochemical field.

A nautical measure equal to six feet, used to measure the depth of water at sea. The word was also used to describe taking the measure or “to fathom” something. Today when one is trying to figure something out, they are trying to fathom it or get to the bottom of it.

Fats and oils are essentially similar in composition and synonymous. They are substances produced by plant and animal life, mainly as an energy store. However, certain components of fats perform essential metabolic functions. Many seeds are rich in fats, palm kernels for example containing about 50%. The fats in seeds are used to nourish the seedling plants in the early stages of growth. Animals lay down fat deposits as a food supply for times of shortage. Such deposits are usually in a layer under the skin. Fat is also laid down by pregnant females and is used up in producing milk for the young. Fat deposits are also laid down specifically surrounding the vital organs, such as the kidney and liver, to act as an insulation and protection. To the chemist, fats are esters of glycerol with fatty acids. Each glycerol molecule combines with three fatty acids, which are usually different. The physical nature of fats is that they are immiscible with water, but dissolve in many organic solvents.

A long chain (usually aliphatic) organic acid

Using fatty acids as starting materials, the oleochemicals industry makes mainly fatty alcohols, esters, amines, amides and soaps as derivatives. These compounds are often reacted further to produce a very wide range of chemicals for consumer or industrial use.

Fatty acids which have been "split" from triglycerides or hydrolysed can effectively be separated according to chain length, by distillation under vacuum, as their volatility varies. This is known as fractional distillation. For example, palmitic acid (C16:0) can be separated from stearic acid (C18:0). Fatty acids can also be fractionated in ways similar to those for edible oils, to separate the more saturated fatty acids from the more unsaturated. For example, a mixture of tallow fatty acids can be fractionated using detergent solution or by low temperature solvent fractionation, to yield commercial stearic acid and commercial oleic acid. The fatty acid fractions are often referred to as "stearine" and "oleine" rather than "stearin" and "olein", these terms being reserved for triglyceride fractions.

Alkanoic and alkenoic acids are saturated or unsaturated organic acids generally having an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms. They are major components of most lipids and are primarily obtained directly from animal or vegetable sources. Primary markets for fatty acids include greases and lubricants, rubber, soaps and detergents, plastics, cosmetics and toiletries, foods and emulsifiers, paper chemicals, and paints and coatings.

Fatty alcohol is derived from fatty acids. Two main routes are used to obtain fatty alcohols commercially - a. hydrogenolysis of either fats or fatty acids, usually as the methyl ester, and b. reduction of fatty esters with an alcohol and alkali metal (as catalyst). Lauryl and tallow alcohols are commonly used for surfactants.

Medium- and long-chain alcohols related to the fatty acids that occur naturally in lauric oils and wax esters are produced commercially by the catalytic reduction of the acids or their methyl esters. Fatty alcohols (C12 and up) are vital components of surfactants used in personal care products. When reacted with ethylene oxide, fatty alcohols give polyoxyethylene derivatives, and both may also be used as sulfates. Hydrogenoloysis of methyl ester, free acid or wax ester all yield fatty alcohols from lauric oils, tallow or palm stearin.

Fatty amines are useful fatty acid derivatives for cationic surfactants. All cationics modify surfaces, especially textile surfaces, which makes them useful as fabric softeners, dye fixatives or water repellents. They are also useful in ore flotation, corrosion inhibition and lubrication.

This term is used by the analytical chemist to describe the fatty component of a complex food such as milk, meat, cake or seeds. Fatty matter is usually measured by weight after a suitable extraction procedure.

Ferry boat

Freeboard. the freeboard of a ship is the distance above the waterline and represents a margin of safety for vessel loading.

Combined transport bill of lading

Foor board measure

Final boiling point.

Flatbed trailer

Fund Convention (for oil pollution damage)

One shipper/more than one receiverFrowa

Free Carrier (named place of delivery). The seller hands over the goods, cleared for export, into the disposal of the first carrier (named by the buyer) at the named place. The seller pays for carriage to the named point of delivery, and risk passes when the goods are handed over to the first carrier. Incoterms 2010

First Carrier or Free to Carrier or Fellow Chartered Accountant

A Term of Sale which means the seller fulfills their obligation when he or she has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. If no precise point is indicated by the buyer, the seller may choose, within the place or range stipulated, where the carrier should take the goods into their charge.

Free of claim for accident reported

Full & Complete Cargo

First Class Charterers

Full container load

Floating Crane or Forwarder's Certificate of Receipt

Fresh of capture and seizure

Free of capture seizure riots and civilcommotions

For Christ’s sake say something

Free Discharge (cost) or Free Delivery or Free Dispatch

Free dispatch

Freight Demurrage & Deadfreight

United States Food and Drug Administration

Final Disbursement Account

Freight Demurrage Defence (P&I)

Freight Deemed Earned Discountless and Non-Refundable Ship and or Cargo Lost Or Not Lost

Freight deemed earned on completion loading

Freight Deemed Earned on Shipment Ship and or Cargo Lost or Not Lost

Free Dispatch

Free Discharge

Far East

European Flexible Packaging Federation

Cargo to/from regional ports are transferred to/from a central hub port for a long–haul ocean voy- age.